However, in the second half of the last century, in the arab world we could talk about an explosion of panarabism events. In february 2011, yemenis inspired by mass protests in tunisia and egypt began taking to the streets to demand the resignation of president ali abdullah saleh. Conservative and religious elements of the arab world supported the 2011 protests because they constituted an uprising against the european elements of arab nationalism. The study investigates the actuality of freedom of media before and after the arab spring, yemen as a model. Egyptian military is not only in charge of the defence of the country but also.
Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. Social media and the arab spring sage publications. In 2011 a wave of prodemocracy protests known as the arab spring spread across the arab world. A respected commentator on middle eastern politics, ibrahim fraihat examines three countries grappling with political transitions in the wake of the arab spring. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Yemens arab spring democratic opening or regime maintenance. The term arab winter refers to the events across arab league countries in the mideast and north africa, including the syrian civil war, the iraqi insurgency and the following civil war, the egyptian crisis, the. Beginning about three years ago in tunisia, and spreading to a number of other arab countries thereafter, what has become known unfortunately as the arab spring took experts, locals and media observers of all stripes by surprise. Women played a variety of roles in the arab spring, but its impact on women and their rights is unclear. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities.
This paper examines the complex and multidimensional linkages among the media, democracy, and sustainable development. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Local youths quickly protested out of sympathy, and the protests. Jan 27, 2016 by the time it became clear to the world that egypts arab spring had gone terribly wrong, that the seemingly hollywoodlike drama of goodguy protesters triumphing over badguy dictator had. Which features of society can explain the largescale protests in the arab spring. Pdf yemens arab spring democratic opening or regime. Economic protests also took place in the gaza strip. The group has responded to the arab spring and in particular to the slow, negotiated toppling of ali abdullah salih in yemen. Of the four major arab spring protests analyzedtunisia, egypt, libya, and bahrain.
The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. In the flood of newspaper articles, media documentaries, online blogs, youtube postings, and scholarly articles that followed the rebellions and worldwide protests in 20112012, there is however a remarkable feature of the protests that has remained mostly unrecognized, untheorized, and certainly not analyzed comparatively. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to evolve and change by daily events. Pdf objective the objective of this paper is to assess the hospitals preparedness for emergency using who standards. To answer this question a comparative analysis is made of arab countries during the arab. The arab states had no intrinsic national bond upon which to justify their existence. Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. The arab spring demonstrated that public opinion can powerfully affect the regions political life. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring.
The daily beast answers six key questions about the uprising. Yemens huthi movement in the wake of the arab spring. His most recent works arethe international politics of the persian gulf2011, and innovation in islam. This is an interesting index of unrest based off of the factors present in the initial arab spring. Avicious circle of mutually reinforcing negative repercussions muriel asseburg protests, revolts and the fall of decadesold leaderships have brought about political openings and the chance, at least in some arab. Become a fair observer and help us make sense of the world. Mapping the obama administrations response to the arab spring. How to think about the middle east before the arab spring. Mar 08, 2012 on international womens day, minky worden of human rights watch discusses why women are losing in the movement for change in the arab uprisings and how the international community can help.
Arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. For the next 11 months, the state security forces responded with brutal force. Toward better analysis of new media and the arab spring. For the next 11 months, the state security forces responded with. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. North african women after the arab spring download ebook. Between the arab spring and the gulf cooperation council. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. The arab nationalism has grown since the last part of the ottoman empire. Necessary and sufficient variables for protests in the arab spring. An index of unrest in the arab world by the economist online, february 9, 2011.
Arab spring in tunisia and how the movement spread throughout the region. The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. Home this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath world bank. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues. Arab spring and womens rights council on foreign relations. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab. Taking power through technology in the arab spring iran. Six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring.
Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. While panarabism offered a nationalist version of the arab. Postrevolution states often find that once dictators have been deposed, other problems arise, such as political polarization and the threat of civil war. Between the arab spring and the gulf cooperation council by samuel helfont and tally helfont samuel helfont is a ph. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. The yemeni revolution, and also known as the yemeni revolution of dignity followed the initial stages of the tunisian revolution and occurred simultaneously with the egyptian revolution of 2011 and other arab spring protests in the middle east and north africa. Join our network of more than 2,000 contributors to publish your perspective, share your story and shape the global conversation. List of books and articles about arab spring online. The arab winter is a term for the resurgence of authoritarianism, absolute monarchies and islamic extremism evolving in the aftermath of the arab spring protests in arab countries. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period.
The longstanding regime of ali abdullah alsalih and. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. Mar 18, 2017 the arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Distancing itself from transition and modernization theory approaches, the main hypothesis of this paper asserts that the politicization of salafism and its institutionalization through political parties is anything but a uniform, linear and one. The most fundamental change the arab spring brought about in the sociopolitical spectrum of the middle east is the switch from the panarab ideology that produced the baathist parties to the multidimensional canons of panislamism. Prince, tom petty, steve winwood, jeff lynne and others while my guitar gently weeps duration. The question that guides the research in my thesis, then, is the following. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. The term arab spring is an allusion to the revolutions of 1848, which are sometimes referred to as the springtime of nations, and the prague spring in 1968. Understanding the dynamics of the arab spring polsoz. New media and conflict after the arab spring united states.
Regime changes have occurred in tunisia, egypt, and libya, while movements cnntinue to grow in both those countries as well as bahrain, syria, and yemen. As in other countries, the arab spring in yemen is a direct corollary of the growing economic and political crisis, with events in tunisia and egypt serving as a source of inspiration and catalysis. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. This paper investigates the issue of arab spring led foreign direct and indirect military interventions in libya, bahrain and syria and critically examines the consequences of interventions for. The arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle east conference of the regime and within the regime, with the former comprising tunisia, egypt, and libya and the latter including jordan and saudi arabia. Morocco and tunisia and the levant region lebanon, jordan and syria. The arab spring and political change in tunisia and egypt. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer.
A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. The reason is that the arab world in the modern, postindependence era, had heretofore been generally quiescent politically in the face of authoritarian. In the aftermath of the iraq war, it was used by various commentators and bloggers who anticipated a major arab movement towards democratization. Click download or read online button to get north african women after the arab spring book now. Joins uae, qatar and eu in egypt crisis mediation, national, august 6, 20. The international dimension of the arab spring istituto affari.
As in other countries, the arab spring in yemen is a direct corollary of the growing economic and political crisis, with events in tunisia and egypt serving as. In its early phase, protests in yemen were initially against unemployment, economic conditions and corruption, as well as against. We focus on the arab countries in north africa algeria, egypt, libya. Its uprising also became one of the most consequential. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region.
Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. Now in its fifth year, the war in yemen shows no signs of abating. Dissatisfaction with government services in arab spring. Wounded demonstrators carried away during antisaleh protests in sanaa, september 2011 photo hh. The 201820 arab protests, also referred to as the new arab spring, arab summer or arab spring 2. Politics comes first gadi wolfsfeld 1, elad segev2, and tamir sheafer3 abstract the goal of this article is to place the role that social media plays in collective action within a more general theoretical structure, using the events of the arab spring as a case study. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center regional politics is now more complicated, with crosscutting alliances and linkages and multiple issues, sectarian, territorial, and political. Vincent durac, university college dublin abstract yemens revolt of 2011, like its counterparts in tunisia and egypt, raises many questions about recent analysis of authoritarianism in the arab world.
Yemen became one of the first countries to experience the protests. The arab revolts are one dimension of the strategic change that is affecting the. Reasons for arab spring based on views in developing. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011.
Pdf international coverage of the arab spring gabriel. Candidate in near eastern studies at princeton university and an associate scholar at fpri. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. The arab spring five years later geopolitical futures. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to. Civil war and regional intervention this report provides information on the ongoing crisis in yemen.
Taking power through technology in the arab spring. Khamis and vaughn, cyberactivitism in the egyptian revolution. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. Rethinking western policies in light of the arab uprisings. Social media is no longer the domain of the liberal youth, empowering different agendas across the political map. Hospitals disaster preparedness during arab spring in yemen. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Reflections from october 2011 to september 20 67 1. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. Between expectations and disillusion henner furtig article outline 1 introduction 2 iranian foreign policy and the arab spring 3 reactions in the arab world 4 the struggle for the prerogative of interpretation of the arab spring inside iran 5 conclusion references. Instead, that spring has given way to a winter of economic stagnation and political violence that has plunged syria, libya and yemen into bloody civil war, has led to widespread unrest in egypt, iraq and bahrain, and threatens to destabilize arab governments from morocco to saudi arabia. Pdf hospitals disaster preparedness during arab spring.
Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. The arab spring and the saudiled counterrevolution by mehran kamrava mehran kamrava is director of the center for international and regional studies at georgetown universitys school of foreign service in qatar. The war has killed thousands of yemenis, including civilians as well as combatants, and has significantly damaged the countrys infrastructure. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012.
Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. This is an arab revolution 27 atlantic centrism 30 is cairo the next new york. Pdf actuality of freedom of media before and after the. The arab spring was a series of demonstrations, protests, and civil wars against authoritarian regimes that started in tunisia and spread to much of the arab world. Nonetheless, irrespective of whether the 2011 arab spring will.
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